RSV in Children: Deadly for Newborns, Learn Symptoms and Treatments for Cold and Cough

Changes in the weather bring the risk of various diseases. Respiratory illnesses are more common during the monsoon season. If you look around these days, you’ll see many people coughing and sneezing. Sometimes these symptoms can be mild, and sometimes severe. Newborns are at the highest risk for respiratory diseases. Therefore, it’s important to pay attention to symptoms before they worsen and seek medical advice.

Causes and Severity of Coughs and Colds

There can be many causes for colds and coughs, including the flu and viral infections. However, sometimes these symptoms can be caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). If not treated in time, RSV can be fatal for newborns and the elderly.

Impact of RSV Worldwide

According to a preview published by the National Library of Medicine, around 3.6 million infants worldwide are hospitalized annually due to RSV. Of these, about 1.4 million are aged 0-6 months. In India, RSV accounts for 5% to 54% of hospital admissions of newborns due to respiratory issues each year.

Understanding RSV

RSV is a virus that can cause respiratory infections in infants, children, adults, and the elderly. Infected children may exhibit flu-like symptoms, which usually improve within one to two weeks with appropriate treatment. However, it is crucial to take extra care during treatment, as symptoms can sometimes be severe. This virus can be particularly fatal for children under 5 years old and adults over 65.

Symptoms of RSV

Symptoms of RSV infection generally appear four to six days after exposure to the virus. In adults and older children, symptoms are usually mild. However, severe symptoms may be observed in younger children and infants.

Severe Cases of RSV

In severe cases, RSV can spread to the lower respiratory tract, leading to pneumonia or bronchiolitis. This can cause inflammation in the respiratory system and difficulty breathing.

How RSV Spreads

This virus can spread through close contact with an infected person. Additionally, if you touch a contaminated object and then touch your eyes, nose, or mouth, you risk contracting RSV. The virus can survive on hard surfaces like tables for several hours. If someone touches these surfaces, they may pick up the virus on their hands. Hand washing with soap or hand wash can eliminate the virus, but if you touch your face before washing your hands, the virus can enter your body and make you ill.

Contagious Nature of RSV

RSV is highly contagious. An infected person can easily spread the virus, particularly when they cough or sneeze, releasing respiratory droplets into the air.

Risk Groups for RSV

The virus can affect anyone, but it can cause serious harm to:

• Premature infants
• Children under 2 years old
• Children with congenital heart disease
• Children with weakened immune systems
• Adults over 65 years old
• Those with lung conditions
• Elderly individuals with heart disease or weakened immune systems

Treatment for RSV

There is no specific treatment for RSV. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and supportive care, similar to what is used for common colds. Over-the-counter medications may help reduce fever, but always consult a doctor before taking any medication, especially for children. If you have difficulty breathing, your doctor may recommend a cool-mist humidifier. Nasal saline sprays and suction can provide relief for children with coughs and colds. Staying hydrated with plenty of fluids can help prevent dehydration.

Preventing RSV

To protect yourself and your family from RSV, you can make some important lifestyle changes:

• Wash your hands frequently and teach your children and family members the importance of hand hygiene.
• Avoid close contact with infected individuals. Cover your mouth and nose when someone coughs or sneezes.
• Keep your child away from people showing signs of fever or cold.
• Maintain cleanliness. Ensure that kitchen and bathroom countertops, door handles, and other surfaces are clean and germ-free.
• Dispose of used tissues immediately.
• Do not share drinking glasses with others. Use your own glass or disposable cup if you or others are ill. Label each person’s glass or cup if necessary.
• Avoid smoking, as children exposed to tobacco smoke are at higher risk for RSV and may experience more severe symptoms.
• Regularly clean children’s toys.